In cellphone repair there are tools are you will need to repair and troubleshoot cellphone's faults. Some are use for soldering, unscrewing and performing other tasks. Below are the types of tools you will need, some are essential while some aren't required in fixing issues like LCDs, mouthpiece, charging points and so on...
Primary tools for cellphone repairs.
1. Multi meter.
2. screwdriver
3. Tweezers
4. Soldering iron
5. Soldering lead
6. Soldering flux and paste
7. BGA rework stations
8. liquid flux
9. DC regulated power supply.
10. PCB board holder
11. Magnetic mat.
12. Ultrasonic cleaner
13. Magnifying lamp
14. Microscope
15. Antistatic wrist wrap.
16. Soldering iron stand.
17. Hand gloves
18. Opening tools
19. Screen separator.
20. Solder wick.
1. Multi-meter.
A multi-meter or multi-tester is a device which can be used to gather data about an electronic circuit.
A basic multi-meter can measure resistance, voltage, current and continuity. While advanced versions may be use to provide additional data.
Multi-testers can be used with the current from off or on in most cases, although using the device with the current on can sometimes result in damage to the device. This device is hand held, and powered by batteries. It consists of two probes attached to a central pack which can be digital and analog. The device has a of buttons or switches which nfab be used to get the type of mesurement being performed.
There are two types of multi-meter which are analog and digital.
Analog multimeter.
Analog types are able to read manually to it's readings with needle needle pointing to a guage, it requires some computation when checking some components or where the selector is being set. A basic analog multi-meter has features likes as follows;
a. Resistance set value:
x1
×10= multiplied by 10
×1k= It means multiply it by 1000
×10k=it means multiply it by 10,000.
b. DC set value: from 0.1 to 1000 DC voltage (Direct current).
c. AC set value: from 10 to 1000AC voltage (Alternating current).
d. DC current set value: from 0.5 micro ampere to 50 micro ampere.
For continuity, the most basic measurements provided by a multi-meter, determines wether or not a circuit is complete. For a contuinity test, the device is set to "ohms" and AC and DC, depending on the current being measured, before the probes on the device are inserted into the circuit. If the circuit is complete, the readout will measure between 0 and 0.5 ohms. A mesurement of infinity indicates that the circuit is open, which means there is a problem.
Digital multi-meter.
A digital multi-meter is a tool that can measure amps, volts and ohms. It's different from an analog meter which has a needle and a guage, in that it has a digital light emitting diode (LED) display.
Digital multi-meters are typically are more accurate than their old analog counterparts. A digital multi-meter can also have other functions; obviously, the more expensive meters will have more features, but all of them measure current, resistance and voltage.
Another specification to consider when purchasing a digital multimeter is it range. Regardless of what current is being tested, the proper range for that mesurement is critical to accuracy of the measurement. If the user is measuring a 9v battery, for instance, then a set range if 0-25v would result in more accurate measurement than a range of 0-500v. Thankfully, many digital multi-meters have an automatic range feature, which will set the proper range for the current being tested and then the meter does the rest.
When using a digital multi-meter for the first time, it's essential that a person read the instruction manual that comes with it. Many digital multi-meters requires different steps for taking mesurements. This will entail pressing certain buttons before hooking up the heads and so on. Most digital multi-meters require a battery for operation. The instruction manual will most likely specify which type of battery to use. If the battery type is not specified, akaline batteries are typically used.
A Digital multi-meter's maximum reading capacity is extremely important as well. This is the maximum amount of current that the meter can measure. Usually, the current limit is printed on the face of the digital multi-meter. A common limit is 10amps. This means that if the meter is hooked up to a current of 12Amps, the internal fuse will pop to prevent damaging the meter. Installing a bigger fuse will not increase the limit of the meter but will just end it getting burnt permanently.
2. Screw driver.
Some screw drivers are dedicated to uncrew only smartphone's screw and also laptops. So avoid opening any screw that did not match with the screwdriver you have or you might end up having a loosen thread screw.
Selecting and collecting of torx and precision screwdrivers is highly recommended. It's advisable to get a set of screw driver which has a lot of screws from our store.
3.Tweezer.
It's a tool for picking up components that are too tiny or delicate to grasp with human fingers. It's also use for supporting components from falling or slippering while soldering.
4.soldering iron.
The soldering iron is a tool use fir applying heat to two or more adjoining metal parts such that solder may melt and flow between those parts, binding them securely, conductivity and hermetically.
A soldering is composed of an heated tip and an insulated handle. Heating is often achieved electrically by passing an electric current through the resistive material of a heating element. Another heating method includes combustion of a suitable gas which can either be delivered through a tank mounted on the iron m(flameless), or through an external flame.
Some soldering iron heat up and cool down in a few seconds while others might take several minutes.
5. Solder lead.
Soldering lead is use to bind or connect electronic components with a fusible metal alloy. The alloy melts within the range of 90 to 450 degree Celsius. When heat heat is applied to the solder lead, it heats up and melts in liquid form which when cools down it's becomes solid which then binds metal junction together.
Solder lead which contains lead are harmful, when using it for soldering, it produces flames which are harmful to our health. This lead can cause brain tumor, lung poisoning and other health issues. So avoid leads containing lead(Pb).
6.Soldering flux & paste.
Solder paste is use fir connecting the terminals if integrated chip packages with land patterns on the printed circuit board. The paste is applied to the lands by printing the solder using a stencil, while other methods like screening and dispensing are also used. A majority of defects in mount assemblies are caused due to issues in printing process or due to defects in the solder paste. An electronics manufacturer needs a good idea about printing process, specifically the paste characteristics, to avoid reworking costs on the assemblies. Characteristics of the paste are viscosity and flux levels,need to be monitored periodically by performing in-house tests.
7.SMD rework stations.
The SMD rework station is use to remove, replace, do recalling BGA (ball grid array) chips and SMD components.
Make sure that the reballing station is controllable and match to standard temperature for PCB's and SMD electronic components. It is made of high quality heating material, desoldering and soldering of BGA's are precisely controlled. Air flow and temperature are adjustable in wide range to produce high temperature breeze.
In the market today there are two types of rework stations to chose from, which will match your needs and budget. The oldest type is the standard filament type rework station. And the least is called infrared or IRDA rework stations.
The standard type consists if an heating filament which is by then blowned by an air to produce a very hot air temperature.
A technical view of an SMD rework station with filament and an air blowing to produce hot temperature air flow.
Thermostat adjustment is applied by controlling the heat temperature and the amount of air flow.
Some types if filament SMD rework station are digital in which the amount of heat and air were displayed on a seven segment LED and a push button adjustment was placed.
The infrared or IR SMD rework station was designed by with infrared technology. It uses infrared heat wave technology instead of the conventional hot air, effectively solves the major problem being encountered when using the hot air gun which is the movement of surrounding components while reworking. A small amount if infrared light amplified to produce a very high temperature laser beam. It's digitally designed and can be set automatically.
8. Liquid soldering flux.
It's use to wet the pads of a component to be soldered to improve good connection and strength.
9. DC regulated power supply.
The DC adjustable power supply is an equipment with high stability, high reliability, low noise, it's output voltage and current can be varied, and it's constant voltage and current can autoconvert.
This universal power supply can be used in many different areas, from test of R&D equipments to test of production lines.
10. PCB board holder.
A PCB board holder is use to maintain the accuracy while soldering and also help to grasp the board easily.
11. Magnetic mat.
Often use by electronics and smartphone repairist. It avoids screws loosed from electronics to get lost by keeping it sticked to itself by magnetism.
12. Ultrasonic cleaner.
This machine is use for cleaning cellphone's PCB by means of a fluid vibrating at 20,000 cycles per second. When the vibration speeds rises abovd the ultrasonic frequency level, bubbles explodes and generates strong power, cleaning the surfaces me and cavities of hard-to- clean objects.
13. Magnifying lamp.
A magnifying lamp is much better for repairing tiny parts on a cellphone especially when it comes with working on soldering a component and to avoid risk of damaging to other parts.
14. Microscope.
A microscope is used by many in finding problems such as cracks, breakage and damaged PCB's which is invisible to human eyesight.
15. Antistatic wrist strap.
Antistatic strap is used to avoid risk of electrostatic discharge from a human body to an electronic component circuit.
An antistatic wrist wrap, ESD wrist strap, or ground bracelet is an antistatic device use to prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD) by safely grounding a person working on electronic equipment.
It consists of a stretchy band of fabric with fine conductive fibres woven into it. The fibres are usually made of carbon or carbon filled rubber, and the strap is bound with a stainless steel calsp or plate. They are usually used in conjunction with an antistatic mat on workbench, or a special static-dissipating plastic laminate on the workbench surface.
16.Soldering iron stand.
To avoid damages to your work bench, surrounding materials or even you, it is advisable you get a soldering stand for your soldering iron. Avoid placing soldering iron on the floor because this can let your feets smell like a roasted chicken.
Fortunately most advanced soldering stations have soldering stands built with them.
17.Handgloves.
You are not just protecting your hand from possible burns or brushes. It also protect the Cellphones from scratches and possible electrostatic discharge. A cotton cloth made glove is essential to use.
18. Opening tools.
Proper opening tools is use for avoiding damage and insure safety in handling mobile phones which prior to avoid risk of scratches and breakage.
19. Screen separator.
It is use for separating a smartphone touch pad from an LCD with the use of pressure.
20. Solder wick.
A solder wick is use for removing solder from any solder joint. Usually, it is a roll of fine, braided 18 to 42 AWG wires, typically oxygen free copper which has been treated with a rosin solder flux.
To remove a solder with it, one presses the wick onto the solder joint to be removed and then heats the wick portion that is on the connection with the tip of a soldering iron. As the rosin melts onto the wick, and the connection and the solder reaches its melting point the solder rushes via capillary action onto the clean copper braid. Once everything has melted and the solder fuses with the braided copper, the wick is lifted along with the solder and is then cut of and disposed of.
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Cellphone repair